References

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Introduction

1.         How Good Is the Quality of Health Care in America? RAND Corporation Report. Available at: http://www.rand.org/health/mcglynn_appa.pdf. Accessed June 26, 2003, 2003.

2.         McGlynn EA, Asch SM, Adams J, et al. The Quality of Health Care Delivered to Adults in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(26):2635-2645. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/2348/2626/2635?ijkey = fKqZNkwy2639x/2632I&keytype = ref&siteid = nejm.

3.         Health Care Fraud-- A serious and costly reality for all Americans. National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association (NHCAA). 2002. Available at: http://www.nhcaa.org/pdf/all_about_hcf.pdf. Accessed November 20, 2004.

4.         Borger C, Smith S, Truffer C, et al. Health Spending Projections Through 2015: Changes On The Horizon. Health Affairs. March 1, 2006;25(2):hlthaff.25.w61-w73.

5.         Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS. To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Institute of Medicine. National Academy Press. September 1, 1999. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/iom/iomhome.nsf/WFiles/ToErr-8pager/$file/ToErr-8pager.pdf. Accessed May 3, 2004.

6.         Shapiro D. Beyond the Blame: A No-Fault Approach to Malpractice. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/23/health/policy/23ESSA.html?pagewanted = all&position = . September 28, 2003.

7.         Thomas EJ, Studdert DM, Newhouse JP, et al. Costs of medical injuries in Utah and Colorado. Inquiry. 1999;36(3):255-264.

8.         Thomas EJ, Studdert DM, Burstin HR, et al. Incidence and types of adverse events and negligent care in Utah and Colorado. Med Care. 2000;38(3):261-271.

9.         McNeil DG. For Those Who Snore Heavily, Implants May Help. NY Times. November 22, 2005.

10.       Havemann J, Alonso-Zaldivar R. U.S. Poverty Rate Rises Despite Growth in 2004. LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-083005census_lat,0,4962711.story?coll = la-tot-promo&track = morenews. August 30, 2005.

11.       Gilmer T, Kronick R. It's The Premiums, Stupid: Projections Of The Uninsured Through 2013. 10.1377/hlthaff.w5.143. Health Aff. April 5, 2005:hlthaff.w5.143.

12.       Vrana D. Health Insurance Costs Exceed Annual Minimum-Wage Earnings. LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-091405health_lat,0,4770680.story?coll = la-story-footer&track = morenews. September 14, 2005.

13.       Pear R. New White House Estimate Lifts Drug Benefit Cost to $720 Billion. NY Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/09/national/09medicare.html?hp&ex = 1108011600&en = 1a75c77fde14828c&ei = 5094&partner = homepage. February 9, 2005.

14.       Pear R. Inquiry Confirms Top Medicare Official Threatened Actuary Over Cost of Drug Benefits. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/07/politics/07medicare.html. July 7, 2004.

15.       Money In Politics Databases. Political Money Line. Available at: http://www.tray.com/. Accessed August 30, 2005.

16.       Pear R. Medicare Law Prompts a Rush for Lobbyists. NY Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/23/politics/23health.html?pagewanted = all. August 23, 2005.

17.       John DC, Moffit RE. Medicare and Social Security: Big Entitlement Costs on the Horizon. Heritage Foundation. May 1, 2006.

18.       HEALTH INSURANCE MANDATES IN THE STATES 2006 - A State-by-State Breakdown of Health Insurance Mandates and Their Costs. The Council for Affordable Health Insurance. March 7, 2006. Available at: http://www.cahi.org/cahi_contents/resources/pdf/MandatePub2006.pdf. Accessed March 17, 2006.

19.       Horwitz JR. Making Profits And Providing Care: Comparing Nonprofit, For-Profit, And Government Hospitals 10.1377/hlthaff.24.3.790. Health Aff. May 1, 2005;24(3):790-801.

20.       Kolata G. Medical Fees Are Often Higher for Patients Without Insurance. New York Times. April 2, 2001. http://query.nytimes.com/search/advanced/.

21.       Pear R. Nonprofit Hospitals Face Scrutiny Over Practices. NY Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/19/politics/19health.html?hp&ex = 1142744400&en = b81a36fc7875e176&ei = 5094&partner = homepage. March 19, 2006.

22.       Starfield B. Is U.S. Health Really the Best in the World? JAMA. July 26, 2000 2000;284(4):483-485.

23.       Herbert B. A Second Opinion. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/28/opinion/28HERB.html. June 28, 2004.

24.       The State of the World's Mothers 2006--Saving the Lives of Mothers and Newborns. Save the Children. Available at: http://www.savethechildren.org/publications/SOWM_2006_final.pdf?stationpub = 000000&ArticleID = &NewsID = . Accessed May 14, 2006.

25.       Study Finds Americans Less Healthy Than the English. Associated Press. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB114661616388442098.html?mod = health_hs_research_science. May 3, 2006.

26.       Banks J, Marmot M, Oldfield Z, Smith JP. Disease and Disadvantage in the United States and in England. 10.1001/jama.295.17.2037. JAMA. May 3, 2006;295(17):2037-2045.

27.       Stein R. For Americans, Getting Sick Has Its Price - Survey Says U.S. Patients Pay More, Get Less Than Those in Other Western Nations. Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2005/11/03/AR2005110301143.html. November 4, 2005.

28.       U.S. Patients Experience Higher Out-Of-Pocket Costs, More Medical Errors Than Patients in Other Nations, Survey Says. Kaiser Family Foundation. Nov 04, 2005. Accessed Nov 7, 2005.

29.       Anderson GF, Hussey PS, Frogner BK, Water HR. Health Spending In The United States And The Rest Of The Industrialized World. Health Aff. July 1, 2005;24(4):903-914.

30.       G. F. Anderson, Frogner BK, Johns RA, Reinhardt UE. Health Care Spending and Use of Information Technology in OECD Countries. Health Affairs. May/June 2006;25(3):819-831.

31.       Health Care's Big Spender Trails in Adopting Health IT. Commonwealth Fund. MAY 12, 2006. Available at: http://www.cmwf.org/healthpolicyweek/healthpolicyweek_show.htm?doc_id = 372989#doc372990. Accessed May 18, 2006.

32.       Pear R. Emphasize Disease Prevention, Health Secretary Tells Insurers. New York Times. January 22, 2003. http://query.nytimes.com/search/advanced/. January 22, 2003.

33.       Duenwald M. An 'Eat More' Message for a Fattened America. New York Times. February 19, 2002. http://query.nytimes.com/search/advanced/.

34.       Barbosa D. The Fat Epidemic / Stuck Inside Rampant Obesity, a Debilitating Reality for the Urban Poor. New York Times. December 26, 2000. http://query.nytimes.com/search/advanced/.

35.       Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA. 1998;280(18):1569-1575.

36.       Eisenberg DM, Kessler RC, Foster C, Norlock FE, Calkins DR, Delbanco TL. Unconventional Medicine in the United States -- Prevalence, Costs, and Patterns of Use. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:246-252.

37.       Dorsey L. Reinventing Medicine. San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco. http://www.dosseydossey.com/larry/default.html; 1999.

38.       Sicher F, Targ E, Moore Dn, Smith HS. A randomized double-blind study of the effect of distant healing in a population with advanced AIDS. Report of a small scale study. West J Med. 1998;169(6):356-363.

39.       Byrd RC. Positive therapeutic effects of intercessory prayer in a coronary care unit population. South Med J. 1988;81(7):826-829.

40.       Krucoff MW, Crater SW, Gallup D, et al. Music, imagery, touch, and prayer as adjuncts to interventional cardiac care: the Monitoring and Actualisation of Noetic Trainings (MANTRA) II randomised study. Lancet. 2005;366(9481):211-217.

41.       Gellene D, Maugh TH. Latest Study of Prayer to Date Finds It Has No Power to Heal. LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/science/la-sci-prayer31mar31,0,6557135.story?coll = la-home-headlines. March 31, 2006.

42.       Lawrence RJ. Faith-Based Medicine. NY Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/11/opinion/11lawrence.html?ex = 1144900800&en = 558c9d640287bbb2&ei = 5087%0A. April 11, 2006.

43.       Moffit RE, Marshall JA, Smith GV. Patients’ Freedom of Conscience: The Case for Values-Driven Health Plans. May 15, 2006. Available at: http://www.heritage.org/Research/HealthCare/bg1933.cfm. Accessed May 19, 2006.

44.       Howard P. Policy Forum: The State of the Union Health Care Proposals - More Expensive, But Cheaper. Medical Progress Today. February 10, 2006. Accessed March 8, 2006.

45.       Hill JE. Health Care Won’t Heal Itself. Medical Progress Today. March 3, 2006. Available at: http://www.medicalprogresstoday.com/spotlight/spotlight.php.

46.       Proposal of the Physicians' Working Group for Single-Payer National Health Insurance. JAMA. 2003;290(6):798-805.

47.       Bush GW. President Bush Discusses Health Care Initiatives. Office of the Press Secretary. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/04/20060404.html. April 4, 2006.

48.       Bush GW. Reforming Health Care For The 21st Century. The White House-National Economic Council. February 15, 2006. Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/02/20060216-3.html. Accessed February 17, 2006.

 

Chapter 1

1.         Kuhn TS. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1970.

2.         Eisenberg JM. Evidence-based medicine--a paradigm shift is underway in health care. National Institute for Health Care Management. http://www.nihcm.org/. Available at: http://www.nihcm.org/. Accessed January 17, 2003.

3.         Tannenbaum SJ. Evidence and Expertise: The challenge of the outcomes movement to medical professionalism. Academic Medicine. 1999;74:757.

4.         Cushing H. The life of  Sir William Osler. New York: Oxford University Press; 1926.

5.         Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321-333.

6.         Nelson HD, Humphrey LL, Nygren P, Teutsch SM, Allan JD. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: scientific review. JAMA. 2002;288(7):872-881.

7.         Corbie-Smith G, Thomas SB, St George DM. Distrust, race, and research. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(21):2458-2463.

8.         Marsa L. Clinical trials are suffering. LA Times. December 2, 2002. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/.

 

Chapter 2

1.         Choudhry NK, Stelfox HT, Detsky AS. Relationships Between Authors of Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Pharmaceutical Industry. JAMA. February 6, 2002 2002;287(5):612-617.

2.         Bekelman JE, Li Y, Gross GP. Scope and Impact of Financial Conflicts of Interest in Biomedical Research. A Systematic Review. JAMA. 2003;289:454-465.

3.         Moses H, III, Dorsey ER, Matheson DHM, Thier SO. Financial Anatomy of Biomedical Research. JAMA. September 21, 2005;294(11):1333-1342.

4.         Bodenheimer T. Uneasy alliance--clinical investigators and the pharmaceutical industry. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(20):1539-1544.

5.         Rosenthal M. Direct-to-Consumer Marketing. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(25):2010-2013.

6.         Heffler S, Smith S, Keehan S, Borger C, Clemens MK, Truffer C. Trends: U.S. Health Spending Projections For 2004-2014. Health Aff. 2005;24(1):185-194 http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/reprint/hlthaff.w185.174v181.

7.         Direct-to-consumer advertising. SourceWatch a project of the Center for Media and Democracy. Available at: http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title = Direct-to-consumer_advertising. Accessed October 9, 2005.

8.         Wolfe S. Direct-to-Consumer Advertising — Education or Emotion Promotion? N Engl J Med. 2002;346(7):524-526.

9.         'Follow The Dollar' PhRMA Report - Spending More Than A Half Billion On Political Contributions, Lobbying And Ad Campaigns, Phrma Wins Big On Medicare. Common Cause. July 1, 2003. Available at: http://www.commoncause.org/news/default.cfm?ArtID = 199. Accessed April 26, 2004.

10.       Breitstein J. Spending Hits A Wall. Pharmaceutical Executive. 2002;http://www.imshealth.com/vgn/images/portal/cit_40000873/40054155RHMod-PressRoom-Spending%20Hits%20Wall-Sept2002.pdf.

11.       Smith R. Travelling but never arriving: reflections of a retiring editor. BMJ. July 31, 2004 2004;329(7460):242-244.

12.       Willman D. Stealth Merger: Drug Companies and Government Medical Research-  Some of the National Institutes of Health's top scientists are also collecting paychecks and stock options from biomedical firms. Increasingly, such deals are kept secret. LA Times. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/483567461.html?did = 483567461&FMT = ABS&FMTS = FT&desc = Stealth+Merger:+Drug+Companies+and+Government+Medical+Research%3b+Some+of+the+National+Institutes+of+Health%27s+top+scientists+are+also+collecting+paychecks+and+stock+options+from+biomedical+firms.+Increasingly,+such+deals+are+kept+secret. December 7, 2003.

13.       Willman D. NIH to Curb Its Scientists' Deals With Drug Firms. LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-nih23jun23,1,6146904.story?coll = la-home-headlines. June 23, 2004.

14.       Kolata G. F.D.A. Chief's Fast Start Earns Praise and Doubt. New York Times. April 29, 2003. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/29/science/29FDA.html?pagewanted = all&position = .

15.       Moore TJ. Lessons of the Hormone Replacement Debacle. Boston Globe. July 14, 2002.

16.       Harris G. At FDA, Strong Drug Ties and Less Monitoring. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/06/health/06fda.html?oref = login&pagewanted = all&position = . December 6, 2004.

17.       Stolberg SG. Idea of Drug Safety Office Is Already Hitting Snags. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/25/politics/25fda.html. November 25, 2004.

18.       Fontanarosa PB, Rennie D, DeAngelis CD. Postmarketing Surveillance--Lack of Vigilance, Lack of Trust. JAMA. November 22, 2004 2004:292.221.2647.

19.       Direct to the Consumer Advertising - Education or Emotion Promotion. Worst Pills, Best Pills News. Vol 8. Washington, DC: Public Citizen Health Research Group:17-19.

20.       Petersen M. Who's Minding the Drugstore? New York Times. June 29, 2003. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/29/business/yourmoney/29FDAA.html?pagewanted = all&position = .

21.       Harris G. Abbott to Pay $622 Million to Settle Inquiry Into Marketing. New York Times. June 29, 2003. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/27/business/27DRUG.html. June 29, 2003.

22.       Spitzer E. The People of the State of New York by Elliot Spitzer, Plaintiff, against GlaxoSmithKline SmithKline Beecham Corporation, Defendants: The Supreme Court of the State of New York; 2004.

23.       Meier B. Medical Journals Weigh Plan for Full Drug-Trial Disclosure. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/15/business/15drug.html?pagewanted = all&position = . June 15, 2004.

24.       Meier B. A Medical Journal Quandary: How to Report on Drug Trials. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/21/business/21drug.html?pagewanted = all&position = . June 21, 2004.

25.       Harris G. As Doctors Write Prescriptions, Drug Company Writes a Check. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/27/business/27DRUG.final.html?hp = &pagewanted = all&position = . June 27, 2004.

26.       Gellene D. Strengthening Bones, Raising Questions - Amgen's ties to kidney research are suspect to some experts. LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-sensipar23apr23,1,4220816.story?coll = la-home-business. April 23, 2004.

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28.       Gaul GM. Bad Practices Net Hospitals More Money - High Quality Often Loses Out In the 40-Year-Old Program. Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/23/AR2005072300382.html. July 24, 2005.

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30.       The National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) and U.S. News & World Report To Collaborate On “America's Best Health Plans”. NCQA News. September 12, 2005. Available at: http://www.ncqa.org/Communications/News/USNews.htm. Accessed February 7, 2006.

31.       Pear R. A.M.A. to Develop Measure of Quality of Medical Care. NY Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/21/politics/21docs.html?_r = 1&oref = slogin. February 21, 2006.

 

Chapter 3

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2.         Graham AR. Trial labor following previous cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984;149(1):35-45.

3.         Flamm BL, Dunnett C, Fischermann E, Quilligan EJ. Vaginal delivery following cesarean section: use of oxytocin augmentation and epidural anesthesia with internal tocodynamic and internal fetal monitoring. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984;148(6):759-763.

4.         Markel H. The Doctor Who Made His Students Wash Up. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/07/health/07HAND.html?pagewanted = all&position = . October 7, 2003.

5.         Nuland SB. The Doctors' Plague: Germs, Childbed Fever and the Strange Story of Ignac Semmelweis. New York, NY: W.W. Norton; 2003.

6.         Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Healthier Mothers and Babies. MMWR. October 01, 1999;48(38):849-858 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4838a4832.htm.

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9.         Mortality, part A. Vol II. Rockville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; 1977.

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12.       Chang J, Elam-Evans LD, Berg CJ, et al. Pregnancy-Related Mortality Surveillance --- United States, 1991--1999. MMWR. 2003;52(SS02):1-8. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5202a5201.htm.

13.       Kochanek KD, Martin JA. Supplemental analyses of recent trends in infant mortality. Int J Health Serv. 2005;35(1):101-115.

14.       Martin JA, Kochanek KD, Strobino DM, Guyer B, MacDorman MF. Annual Summary of Vital Statistics--2003. Pediatrics. March 1, 2005 2005;115(3):619-634.

15.       CIA - The World Factbook. U.S. Central Intellegence Agency. July 28, 2005. Available at: http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html. Accessed August 7, 2005.

16.       PÉREZ-PEÑA R. Use of Midwives, a Childbirth Phenomenon, Fades in City. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/15/nyregion/15midwives.html?pagewanted = all&position = . March 15, 2004.

17.       Breen M. Letter regarding: Outcomes of planned home births with certified professional midwives: large prospective study in North America. BMJ. 2005;330:http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/eletters/330/7505/1416.

18.       Pang JWY, Heffelfinger JD, Huang GJ, Benedetti TJ, Weiss NS. Outcomes of Planned Home Births in Washington State: 1989-1996. Obstet Gynecol. August 1, 2002 2002;100(2):253-259.

19.       Hartley H, Gasbarro C. Forces promoting health insurance coverage of homebirth: a case study in Washington State. Women Health. 2002;36(3):13-30.

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22.       Bruner JP, Drummond SB, Meenan AL, Gaskin IM. All-fours maneuver for reducing shoulder dystocia during labor. J Reprod Med. 1998;43(5):439-443.

23.       Meenan AL, Gaskin IM, Hunt P, Ball CA. A new (old) maneuver for the management of shoulder dystocia. J Fam Pract. 1991;32(6):625-629.

24.       Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL. Obstetrics: Normal & Problem Pregnancies. 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2002.

25.       Smith MC, Holmes LJ. Listen to Me Good: The Life Story of an Alabama Midwife. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press; 1996.

26.       Johnson KC, Daviss B-A. Outcomes of planned home births with certified professional midwives: large prospective study in North America. BMJ. June 18, 2005 2005;330(7505):1416- http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/1330/7505/1416.

27.       Murphy PA, Fullerton J. Outcomes of intended home births in nurse- midwifery practice: a prospective descriptive study. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;92:461-470.

28.       Woodcock HC, Read AW, Bower C. A matched cohort study of planned home and hospital births in Western Australia 1981-1987. Midwifery. September 10, 1994;10(3):125-135.

29.       Gulbransen G, Hilton J, McKay L, Cox A. Home birth in New Zealand 1973-93: incidence and mortality. N Z Med J. 1997;110(1040):87-89.

30.       Ackermann-Liebrich U, Voegeli T, Gunter-Witt K, et al. Home versus hospital deliveries: follow up study of matched pairs for procedures and outcome. BMJ. November 23, 1996 1996;313(7068):1313-1318.

31.       Wiegers TA, Keirse MJNC, van der Zee J, Berghs GAH. Outcome of planned home and planned hospital births in low risk pregnancies in the Netherlands. BMJ. 1996;313:1309-1313. http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/1313/7068/1309.

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33.       The Northern Region's Perinatal Mortality Survey Coordinating Group. Perinatal loss in planned and unplanned home birth. BMJ. 1996;313:1306-1309.

34.       Janssen PA, Lee SK, Ryan ER, Saxell L. An evaluation of process and protocols for planned home birth attended by regulated midwives in British Columbia. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2003;48(2):138-145.

35.       Janssen PA, Lee SK, Ryan EM, et al. Outcomes of planned home births versus planned hospital births after regulation of midwifery in British Columbia. CMAJ. Feb. 5, 2002;166(3):315-323.

36.       Olsen O. Meta-analysis of the safety of home birth. Birth. March 24, 1997;24(1):4-13.

37.       Kristof ND. Health Care? Ask Cuba. NY Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/12/opinion/12kris.html?oref = login&hp. January 12, 2005.

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39.       MacDorman MF, Mathews TJ, Martin JA, Malloy MH. Trends and characteristics of induced labour in the United States, 1989-98. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2002;16(3):263-273.

40.       Gaskin I. Cytotec: Dangerous experiment of panacea? Salon.com. http://dir.salon.com/story/health/feature/2000/07/11/cytotec/index.xml; July 11, 2000.

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43.       Plaut M, Schwartz ML, Lubarsky S. Uterine rupture associated with the use of misoprostol in the gravid patient with a previous cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180(6 part 1):1535-1542.

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47.       Brody JE. With Childbirth, Now It's What the Mother Orders. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/09/health/09BROD.html?pagewanted = all&position = . December 9, 2003.

48.       Minkoff H, Chervenak FA. Elective Primary Cesarean Delivery. N Engl J Med. March 6, 2003 2003;348(10):946-950.

49.       Wu JM, Hundley AF, Visco AG. Elective Primary Cesarean Delivery: Attitudes of Urogynecology and Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialists. Obstet Gynecol. February 1, 2005 2005;105(2):301-306.

50.       Declercq E, Menacker F, MacDorman M. Rise in "no indicated risk" primary caesareans in the United States, 1991-2001: cross sectional analysis. BMJ. November 19, 2004:http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/reprint/330/7482/7471?maxtoshow = &HITS = 7410&hits = 7410&RESULTFORMAT = &author7481 = declercq&andorexactfulltext = and&searchid = 1122696674998_1122696612328&stored_search = &FIRSTINDEX = 1122696674990&sortspec = relevance&resourcetype = 1122696674991.

51.       Smith GCS, Pell JP, Cameron AD, Dobbie R. Risk of Perinatal Death Associated With Labor After Previous Cesarean Delivery in Uncomplicated Term Pregnancies. JAMA. May 22, 2002;287(20):2684-2690.

52.       Hebert PR, Reed G, Entman SS, Mitchel EF, Jr, Berg C, Griffin MR. Serious Maternal Morbidity After Childbirth: Prolonged Hospital Stays and Readmissions. Obstet Gynecol. December 1, 1999 1999;94(6):942-947.

53.       Vaginal Birth after Previous Cesarean Delivery. ACOG Practice Bulletin. July 1999:No. 5.

54.       Grady D. Trying to Avoid 2nd Caesarean, Many Find Choice Isn't Theirs. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/29/health/29birth.html?ei = 5094&en = d3818201785246c4&hp = &ex = 1101790800&partner = homepage&pagewanted = all&position = . November 29, 2004.

55.       Roan S. Survival, at a cost. LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/features/health/la-he-premies21nov21,1,609601.story. November 21, 2005.

56.       Robinson J. HOW WE LIVE - Bring back the 40-hour workweek -- and let us take a long vacation. LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/sunday/editorials/la-op-robinson1jan01,0,1744623.story?coll = la-home-sunday-opinion. January 1, 2006.

57.       Rhoades J. 2003 Mother/Newborn Expenditures.: Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends (CFACT). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ); October 30, 2005. Rockville, MD.

58.       Heffler S, Smith S, Keehan S, Borger C, Clemens MK, Truffer C. Trends: U.S. Health Spending Projections For 2004-2014. Health Aff. 2005;24(1):185-194 http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/reprint/hlthaff.w185.174v181.

59.       Anderson RE, Anderson DA. The cost-effectiveness of home birth. J Nurse Midwifery. 1999;44(1):30-35.

 

Chapter 4

1.         Calculate your body mass index. http://www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/bmicalc.htm. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Available at: http://www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/bmicalc.htm. Accessed February 2, 2003.

2.         Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Johnson CL. Prevalence and Trends in Overweight Among U.S. Children and Adolescents, 1999-2000. JAMA. 2002;288(14):1728-1732.

3.         Trend Data Nationwide--Obesity: By Body Mass Index. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System of the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion. Available at: http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss/Trends/trendchart.asp?qkey=10010&state=U.S.. Accessed January 31, 2003.

4.         Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults -- Evidence-based Guidelines. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/sum_evid.htm. Accessed January 30, 2003.

5.         Popkin BM, Siega-Riz AM, Haines PS, Jahns L. Where's the Fat? Trends in U.S. Diets 1965–1996. Prev. Med. 2001;32(3):245-254.

6.         Reitman V. On a Scale of Life or Death - He weighed 578 pounds; his sister, 579. They chose to take decisive action, despite the cost and sacrifices, but would it be too late? LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-superobese4jan04,0,5079921,full.story?coll=la-home-headlines. January 4, 2006.

7.         Projections of the Total Resident Population by 5-Year Age Groups, and Sex with Special Age Categories: Middle Series, 2001 to 2005. Washington, D.C. 20233: Population Projections Program, Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau; 2000.

8.         Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004 10.1001/jama.295.13.1549. JAMA. April 5, 2006 2006;295(13):1549-1555.

9.         U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.  The Surgeon General's call to action to prevent and decrease overweight and obesity. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General. Available from: U.S. GPO, Washington. 2001. Available at: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/. Accessed February 1, 2003.

10.       Schwimmer JB, Burwinkle TM, Varni JW. Health-Related Quality of Life of Severely Obese Children and Adolescents. JAMA. 2003;289(14):1813-1819.

11.       Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL. Prevalence and Trends in Obesity Among U.S. Adults, 1999-2000. JAMA. 2002;288(14):1723-1727.

12.       Fletcher A. Obesity rocketing despite record diet food spending. FoodNavigator.com. http://www.foodnavigator.com/news/ng.asp?n=65804&m=1FNE214&c=qrewggnwhfsjanj. February 14, 2006.

13.       Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Cobain M, Freiberg MS, D'Agostino RB. Estimated Risks for Developing Obesity in the Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med. October 4, 2005;143(7):473-480.

14.       Stamler R, Stamler J, Riedlinger W, Algera G, Roberts RH. Weight and blood pressure. Findings in hypertension screening of 1 million Americans. JAMA. 1978;240:1607-1610.

15.       Larsson B, Bjorntorp P, Tibblin G. The health consequences of moderate obesity. Int J Obes. 1981;5:97-116.

16.       Hubert HB, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, Castelli WP. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26 year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1983;67:968-977.

17.       Khare M, Everhart JE, Maurer KR, Hill MC. Association of ethnicity and body mass index (BMI) with gallstone disease in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;141:S69.

18.       Hart DJ, Spector TD. The relationship of obesity, fat distribution, and osteoarthritis in women in the general population: the Chingford Study. J Rheumatol. 1993;20:331-335.

19.       Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1230-1235.

20.       Health Implications of Obesity. NIH Consensus Development Conference Statement. Ann Int Med,. 1985;103:1073-1077.

21.       Andersen RE, Wadden TA, Bartlett SJ, Vogt RA, Weinstock RS. Relation of weight loss to changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins in obese women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62:350-357.

22.       Anderssen S, Holme I, Urdal P, I. H. Diet and exercise intervention have favourable effects on blood pressure in mild hypertensives: the Oslo Diet and Exercise Study (ODES). Blood Press. 1995;4:343-349.

23.       Blonk MC, Jacobs MA, Biesheuvel EH, Weeda-Mannak WL, Heine RJ. Influences on weight loss in type 2 diabetic patients: little long-term benefit from group behaviour therapy and exercise training. Diabet Med. 1994;11:449-457.

24.       Chute CG, Willettm WC, Colditz GA. A prospective study of body mass, height, and smoking on the risk of colorectal cancer in women. Cancer Causes Control. 1991;2:117-124.

25.       Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ. Overweight, Obesity, and Mortality from Cancer in a Prospectively Studied Cohort of U.S. Adults. N Engl J Med. April 24, 2003 2003;348(17):1625-1638.

26.       Hubert HB. Obesity as an independent risk factor in gross obesity. Circulation. 1983;67:968-977.

27.       Drenick EJ. Excessive mortality and causes of death in morbidly obese men. JAMA. 1980;243:443-445.

28.       Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Excess Deaths Associated With Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity. JAMA. April 20, 2005 2005;293(15):1861-1867.

29.       Cundiff DK. BMI poor surrogate for diet and exercise in assessing risk of death. International Journal of Obesity. In Press.

30.       Critser G. Land of the Free, Home of the Fat; 2002.

31.       Cleveland LE, Goldman JD, Borrud LG. Results From USDA's 1994 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals in 1994 and Diet and Health Knowledge Survey. http://www.barc.usda.gov/bhnrc/foodsurvey/pdf/Tbs1994.pdf. Food Surveys Research Group, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service. Department of Agriculture, Riverdale, MD. 20737, 2002.

32.       Average daily consumption of five food groups as a percentage of recommended servings. Economic Research Service - U.S. Department of Agriculture. December 22, 2000. Available at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/DietAndHealth/data/foods/table3.htm.

33.       Methods for Voluntary Weight Loss and Control. NIH Technology Assessment Conference Panel. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1993;119:764-770.

34.       The Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report. Bethesda, MD: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in cooperation with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 1998.

35.       McDougall JA, McDougall MA. The McDougall Plan for Super Health and Life-Long Weight Loss: New Century Publishers, Inc.; 1983.

36.       Ornish D. Eat More, Weigh Less. New York: Harper Collins; 1993.

37.       Pritikin R. The New Pritikin Program - The easy and delicious Way to Shed Fat, Lower your Cholesterol, and Stay Fit. New York: Simon and Schuster; 1990.

38.       Shintani T. The Good Carbohydrate Revolution. Vol 1. 1 ed. New York, NY: Pocket Books; 2002.

39.       McCullough ML, Feskanich D, Stampfer MJ, et al. Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and risk of major chronic disease in women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2000;72(5):1214-1222.

40.       Kennedy ET, Bowman SA, Spence JT, Freedman M, King J. Popular diets: correlation to health, nutrition, and obesity. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101(4):411-420.

41.       McGuire MT, Wing RR, Klem ML, Lang W, Hill JO. What predicts weight regain in a group of successful weight losers? . J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999;67(2):177-185.

42.       Wyatt HR, Grunwald GK, Mosca CL, Klem ML, Wing RR, Hill JO. Long-term weight loss and breakfast in subjects in the National Weight Control Registry. Obes Res. 2002;10(2):78-82.

43.       Klem ML, Wing RR, McGuire MT, Seagle HM, Hill JO. Psychological symptoms in individuals successful at long-term maintenance of a weight loss. Health Psych. 1998;17(4):336-345.

44.       McGuire MT, Wing RR, Klem ML, Seagle HM, Hill JO. Long-term maintenance of weight loss: do people who lose weight through various weight loss methods use different behaviors to maintain weight? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998;22:572-577.

45.       Shick SM, Wing RR, Klem ML, McGuire MT, Hill JO, Seagle HM. Persons successful at long-term weight loss and maintenance continue to consume a low-energy, low-fat diet. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98:408-413.

46.       Klem ML, Wing RR, McGuire MT, Seagle HM, Hill JO. A descriptive study of individuals successful at long-term maintenance of substantial weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66:239-246.

47.       Wing RR, Hill JO. Annu Rev Nutr. Successful weight loss maintenance. 2001;21:323-341.

48.       Dunn J. Restaurant Chains, Too, Watch Their Carbs. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/04/business/yourmoney/04carb.html?pagewanted=all&position=. January 4, 2004.

49.       Zernike K, Burros M. Low-Carb Boom Isn't Just for Dieters Anymore. New York times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/19/health/19CARB.html?hp=&pagewanted=all&position=. February 19, 2004.

50.       Mayers D. Diabetes Diet War. U.S. News and World Report.

51.       Viles P. Atkins Nutritionals filed for bankruptcy a year after the peak of the low-carb diet craze. CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2005/08/01/news/midcaps/atkins.reut/index.htm. August 2, 2005.

52.       Retsinas G. The Marketing of a Superbaby Formula. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/01/business/yourmoney/01BABY.html?pagewanted=all&position=. June 1, 2003.

53.       Weintraub M, Sudaresan PR, Madan M. Long-term weight control study. I (weeks 0 - 34) The enhancement of behavior modification, caloric restriction, and exercise by phentermine and fenfluramine versus placebo. Clinical Pharmacol. Ther. 1992;51:586-594.

54.       Weintraub M, Sudaresan PR, Madan M. Long-term weight control study. I (weeks 156 -190) The enhancement of behavior modification, caloric restriction, and exercise by phentermine and fenfluramine versus placebo. Clinical Pharmacol. Ther. 1992;51:608-614.

55.       SoRelle R. Diet drug maker agrees to $3.75 billion settlement. Circulation. 1999;100(25):e133-134.

56.       Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) Information Page. FDA/Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Accessed April 18, 2003.

57.       Horwitz RI, Brass LM, Kernan WN, Viscoli CM. Phenylpropanolamine & risk of hemorrhagic stroke. The Hemorrhagic Stroke Project. May 10, 2000. Accessed April 18, 2003.

58.       Kernan WN, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, et al. Phenylpropanolamine and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(25):1826-1832.

59.       FDA Oncology Tools Approval Summary for docetaxel for For locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer after failure of prior platinum-based chemotherapy. U.S. Food and Drug Administration • Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/onctools/summary.cfm?ID=143. Accessed May 9, 2003.

60.       FDA Approves Sibutramine to Treat Obesity. At a dose of 15 mg, the average weight loss, beyond placebo, was only 10 1/2 pounds. FDA Talk Paper. November 24, 1997.

61.       Wolfe SM, Sasich LD, Barbehenn E. Petition to FDA to ban the diet drug sibutramine (MERIDIA) (HRG Publication #1613). Public Citizen Health Research Group. March 19, 2002. Accessed April 19, 2003.

62.       Harris G. F.D.A. Failing in Drug Safety, Official Asserts. New York Times. November 19, 2004.

63.       Petersen M. Court Papers Suggest Scale of Drug's Use. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/30/business/30DRUG.html?pagewanted=all&position=. May 30, 2003.

64.       O'Meara S, Riemsma R, Shirran L, Mather L, ter Riet G. A rapid and systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of orlistat in the management of obesity. Health Technol Assess. 2001;5(18):1-81.

65.       Saul S. First Over-Counter Diet Drug Passes Hurdle. NY Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/07/health/07cnd-diet.html?hp&ex=1144468800&en=6648f1f66c5c5331&ei=5094&partner=homepage. April 7, 2006.

66.       Breitstein J. Spending Hits A Wall. Pharmaceutical Executive. 2002;http://www.imshealth.com/vgn/images/portal/cit_40000873/40054155RHMod-PressRoom-Spending%20Hits%20Wall-Sept2002.pdf.

67.       Topamax (topriamate) Product Information. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research http://www.fda.gov/cder/approval/index.htm. Accessed April 15, 2003.

68.       Listing of Drug Product Information by Retail Sales. myOrangeBook.com. http://www.myorangebook.com/subs/Sales/2001.php. Accessed April 13, 2003.

69.       Gadde KM, Franciscy DM, Wagner I, H. Ryan K. , Krishnan RR. Zonisamide for Weight Loss in Obese Adults - A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 2003;289(14):1820-1825.

70.       Fessenden F. Studies of Dietary Supplements Come Under Growing Scrutiny. New York Times. June 23, 2003. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/23/national/23DIET.html?pagewanted=all&position=.

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73.       Rationale for the Surgical Treatment of Morbid Obesity. The American Society for Bariatric Surgery (ASBS).  http://www.asbs.org./html/rationale/rationale.html. 11/29/2001. Available at: http://www.asbs.org./html/rationale/rationale.html.

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